Ugh. It's happening. The economy shrank in the first quarter, at an annual rate of -0.3%. The good news: Consumption and investment remained strong. Think of this as a hard-to-interpret report due to -- **all of this**. Remember, this is the average of Q1, and the real concern is about Q2.
— Justin Wolfers (@justinwolfers.bsky.social) April 30, 2025 at 7:33 AM
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So our final sales were even stronger than expected, but we had a drop in GDP? How does this happen? Mostly because there was a lot of front-running of Trump's "Liberation Day" tariffs of April 2. Both in the surge of imports to avoid the cost of tariffs on the business side (which subtracts from GDP), and in a surge of non-residential business investment and inventories. Imports dropped GDP by more than 5% but nearly half of that loss was recovered due to a large increase in inventories, likely related to that surge of imports not yet being sold. But what's the "non-residential investment" growth? All computer/tech-related stuff. Change in non-residential business investment, Q1 2025 (annualized)Look into the details, and the GDP report really isn't that bad. (We already know from the jobs data that the economy did okay in Q1.) @jasonfurman.bsky.social suggested focusing on Real final sales to private domestic purchasers (basically C+I, the reliable parts of GDP) which grew +3.0%
— Justin Wolfers (@justinwolfers.bsky.social) April 30, 2025 at 7:37 AM
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Information processing equipment +$73.6 billion
Software +$16.1 billion
All other sectors -$8.8 billion That could well be a tariff effect with technology components and foreign-made products in those 2 sectors, and it also likely includes purchases and investments for AI development
Yeah, that higher inflation in the Fed's preferred index isn't going to lead them to want rate cuts any time soon. And much of that Q1 price increase has nothing to do with tariffs, since those products were already inside of the country before Trump imposed those duties. Sure, the same PCE number indicated prices flattened in March after 2 months of 0.4% increases to start the year, but do you think things will stay flat in April and the rest of Q2 with the tariffs taking effect (and businesses more than happy to blame tariffs to raise prices for extra profit)? To me, the GDP report tells us that Trumpian chaos has already distorted Americans' spending choices for both consumers and businesses. The stage is set for a drop in demand from both businesses and consumers at the same time that there is more inventory to sell, and I can see a scenario where we see less economic activity and final sales dropping well below the 3% growth we saw in Q1, but we might not end up with a second straight negative number because the import surge ends and goes back to pre-2025 levels. But make no mistake, it'll probably feel a lot more like recession than what we saw in a first quarter that had -0.3% for GDP. And there isn't going to be much in the real economy to change that direction once the layoffs and consumer cutbacks pick up.Finally, price pressure shows some sign of rising again. The PCE price index rose +3.6% (annualized q/q) in 1Q25, up from +2.4% in 4Q24. Excluding food and energy prices, core PCE rose +3.5%, up from +2.6%.
— Patrick Chovanec (@prchovanec.bsky.social) April 30, 2025 at 9:00 AM
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